Diabetic Symptoms

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by insufficient insulin or insulin resistance. There are two main types of diabetes complications. Complications and long-term complications. Here there will be a short-term complications of diabetes are discussed.

Short Term Complications

Hypoglycemia

Hyperosmolar coma NonKetotic

Ketoacidosis

Hypoglycemia Causes:

Hypoglycemia is considered at the patient's blood sugar falls too low. CAUSEhypoglycemia

1-inadequate food intake, especially after taking medicines that lower blood glucose or insulin.

2-large dose of insulin or sulfonylurea hypoglycemia can be.

3-excessive exercise can lead to hypoglycemia, particularly those on anti-diabetic. By doing this exercise, the glucose passes into the cells and glucose in the blood decreases.

Hypoglycemia Symptoms

When hypoglycaemia occurs, the patient's symptomsheart palpitations, feeling shaky, sweating, tingling of the lips, going pale, heart palpitations, rapid pulse, anxiety, confusion and irritability. These are just signs, but if we do not want to treat hypoglycemia, can lead to coma and then patiently and even death can occur.

What to do if hypoglycaemia occurs:

If you're in a hospital and a nurse or a doctor to find out that you have hypoglycemia, you will probably need 25% dextrose water for injection 5 vials underyour blood sugar. At home, hypoglycemia can be easily managed by a pair of sweet fruit juices such as orange juice or grape sugar contains. If the patient is in coma stage of intramuscular injection of glucagon may help. Glucagon is a hormone that raises levels of blood sugar. It 'so important that when you travel or leave, the glucagon kit with you. Family and friends must learn to inject glucagon, the patient was already unconscious and can notthemselves. If the patient is unconscious, try to eat or drink in your mouth, sitting as it can cause choking. If you take insulin, and alcohol, there is a high likelihood of hypoglycemia, the body is unable to produce glucose quickly. It is suggested that human insulin to 3 units of alcohol and women must be kept 2 units. Also, while you drink, you should always have something to eat.

What is ketoacidosis, Definition of ketoacidosis

Ketosis isThe accumulation of ketones (produced from the breakdown of fats) in blood and lactic acid increased in the blood, decreases the pH of the blood that is. This is a serious condition, which can also lead to coma. Usually observed in patients with type 1 diabetes, may also appear in type 2 diabetes, especially elderly patients. Diabetic acidosis is often initiated by an infection, such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia.

Pathophysiology and causes of diabetesKitoacidosis:

DKA, we normally see when you lose the doses of insulin because the level of sugar in the blood increases, and cells in the body begins to burn fat, which leads to the production of ketones and acidosis.At same time, the excretion of high sugar in urine, causing dehydration as a result loss of water and salts. Ketoacidosis occurs when cells of the body can not produce the metabolic demand in the absence of glucose sufficiently met. Instead, the cells began to receive energy through the breakdown of fatty acidsleading to the formation of ketones. PH of the body becomes acidic and the body will try to make sure the increasing prevalence and depth of the acids out.

Symptoms and signs of ketoacidosis:

Fatigue breath smells fruity like removing nail polish thirst, increased urination urination. Weight loss. Oral Thrush muscular dystrophy. Aggression Agitation Confusion Irritation emesis (vomiting), abdominal pain. Loss of appetite. Flu-like symptoms. Dullness and apathy.Patients breathe deeper and faster. Loss of consciousness (diabetic coma) after prolonged DKA.

The prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis

If you are sick, and that infection will always remember your body more insulin in these circumstances is necessary, try to get your dose of insulin during an increase in infectious diseases, but before the insulin should always check the level of blood sugar. Closely monitor blood sugar levels be checked regularly with glucometers. Whenyou feel uncomfortable, just monitor the levels of blood sugar. If you've ever found that levels of blood sugar is high, then the urine test for the presence of ketones. You must always measure the urine ketone strips at home.

Diabetic acidosis is often seen in cases of stomach infection, gastritis, considering that less insulin is needed if you saw the symptoms of gastritis, such as nausea, vomiting and reduced eating enough insulin, and this may lead to acidosis.

As canYou know, if you are diabetic acidosis?

The diagnosis is made by: Always measure blood sugar – is always high in diabetic ketoacidosis. Ketone bodies for a urine test, a blood sample taken from an artery – takes place in hospital, and the actions of the pH of the blood. Your doctor will also try to exclude any infection from entering.

As for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

This condition usually requires hospitalization. Treatment consists of intravenoussaline fluids, such as NaCl, KCl, etc. insulin is administered via intravenous drip. infusion of potassium supplement, if infection is present then antibiotics are also added.

Forecasting is a good conclusion of diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed and previously untreated, patients usually recover within a few days, but if acidosis is not treated before, may not be life threatening.

Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma

Type 2 diabetic coma diabetic hyperglycaemic hyperosmolarnonketotic coma is a serious complication seen in type 2 diabetic patients with severe infection or stress. diabetic coma seen when blood sugar is too high and there is a severe dehydration. Unlike ketoacidosis, which is usually seen in type 1 diabetes, being hyperosmolar we saw no ketones in the body and urine, and there is acidosis. Hyperosmolar diabetic coma is usually seen in diabetic patients aged over 60 years, if the direction of changethirst and are more likely to become dehydrated. If there is a serious loss of water from the body, can lead to a syncopy shock, coma and death

What causes a diabetic coma?

Serious infections, urinary tract infection, respiratory infections, bacterial meningitis, retropharyngeal abscess, liver and sepsis. Non-compliance with diet or insulin therapy, a heart attack, kidney failure medications (diuretics, steroids, phenytoin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers) Haemorrhagic Fever diseaseulcer hyperglycemia thrombus Trauma CVA Pancreatitis

Symptoms of hyperosmolar coma:

Symptoms of hyperosmolar coma is produced as a result of hyperglycemia and dehydration. Frequent urination, increased thirst Drowsiness severe altered mental status weakness Headache Restlessness inability to speak Paralysis If any of these signs and symptoms, check your blood sugar level and call the doctor if your blood sugar level is high. Hyperosmolar diabetic comanormally seen when levels of glucose in the blood increased to 600 mg / dl or more.

What are the laboratory results of the patient in diabetic coma.

Or severe hyperglycemia (> 500mg/dl)

hyperosmolality or Plasma

or urea: creatinine increase

or secondary glycosuria

or absence of significant ketoacidosis or metabolic acidosis absent or mild

Is a diabetic coma treated? This is an emergency, and must be treated immediately. Patients should be hospitalized.Therapeutic goal is to treat hyperglycemia with insulin and dehydration are treated with intravenous fluids. Infection can be treated with antibiotics.

How to prevent diabetic coma? Control and monitor your blood glucose regularly, as recommended by your doctor check the level of blood sugar every four hours, when you suffer from an infection. Take care with you when you have a serious illness.

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